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Voltar ao blogue Como criar um instalador para uma aplicação Java 23 de março de 2022 Vladyslav Lubenskyi
Quando escrevemos aplicações de ambiente de trabalho em Java, queremos que tenham um aspecto e uma sensação nativos. Uma boa aplicação mistura-se. Ela proporciona uma experiência já familiar para o usuário.
Aspecto e sensação da GUI do Swing: Metal vs. Nativo
No ambiente de trabalho, o percurso do usuário não começa na própria aplicação. Ela começa com um instalador. É aqui que o mundo Java costumava ficar para trás. Mas não mais.
A partir do Java 16, o JDK vem com jpackage
. Esta ferramenta empacota uma aplicação num pacote com um JRE incorporado e envolve-o num instalador e executável nativos.
Neste artigo, demonstrarei como usar o jpackage com um aplicativo JxBrowser. Eu vou criar uma aplicação JxBrowser simples, envolvê-la num instalador nativo e num programa executável. Vou fornecer-lhe trechos de código que pode copiar diretamente para o seu projeto.
Configurando o Gradle O meu objetivo aqui é criar um simples Pomodoro tracker, instalá-lo e iniciá-lo como uma aplicação nativa do SO. Ele utilizará o Gradle para a configuração de construção e o Swing para a interface do usuário.
Vamos começar do zero, criando um projeto Gradle vazio:
$ gradle init --dsl kotlin --type basic --project-name jxbrowser-installer
Abra build.gradle.kts e aplique o plug-in Java:
plugins {
java
}
group = "com.teamdev.examples"
version = "1.0"
java {
sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion . VERSION_16
targetCompatibility = JavaVersion . VERSION_16
}
repositories {
mavenCentral ()
}
A nossa aplicação requer duas dependências do JxBrowser. Uma contém a API principal com os binários do Chromium. E outra implementa o suporte do kit de ferramentas Swing.
Vamos usar o JxBrowser Gradle Plug-in para adicionar as dependências necessárias.
plugins {
…
id ( "com.teamdev.jxbrowser" ) version "1.2.1"
}
jxbrowser {
version = "8.2.1"
}
dependencies {
implementation ( jxbrowser . swing )
implementation ( jxbrowser . currentPlatform )
}
No trecho de código acima, utilizo jxbrowser.currentPlatform
que detecta a plataforma atual e escolhe apenas os binários Chromium necessários. Se você estiver construindo, digamos, uma aplicação apenas para Windows, você pode especificar os binários Chromium explicitamente para Windows:
dependencies {
implementation ( jxbrowser . swing )
implementation ( jxbrowser . win64 )
}
Código de aplicação A nossa aplicação é muito simples. Ela abre um JFrame ``, adiciona o componente BrowserView
que carrega e exibe uma página web com o Pomodoro Tracker.
package com.teamdev.examples ;
import com.teamdev.jxbrowser.engine.Engine ;
import com.teamdev.jxbrowser.view.swing.BrowserView ;
import javax.swing.* ;
import java.awt.* ;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter ;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent ;
import static com.teamdev.jxbrowser.engine.RenderingMode.HARDWARE_ACCELERATED ;
import static javax.swing.SwingConstants.CENTER ;
import static javax.swing.WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE ;
/**
* Um Pomodoro tracker.
*
* Esta aplicação apresenta uma janela com a componente de integração do browser que carrega e apresenta
* a aplicação web Pomodoro Tracker.
*/
public final class PomodoroTracker {
public static final String URL = "https://pt.teamdev.com/jxbrowser/docs/tutorials/jpackage/pomodoro/" ;
public static void main ( String [] args ) {
var splash = showSplashScreen ();
showBrowser ();
splash . dispose ();
}
private static void showBrowser () {
var engine = Engine . newInstance ( HARDWARE_ACCELERATED );
var browser = engine . newBrowser ();
var frame = new JFrame ( "Pomodoro Tracker" );
frame . addWindowListener ( new WindowAdapter () {
@Override
public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e ) {
engine . close ();
}
});
var view = BrowserView . newInstance ( browser );
frame . add ( view , BorderLayout . CENTER );
frame . setDefaultCloseOperation ( DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
frame . setSize ( 1280 , 900 );
frame . setLocationRelativeTo ( null );
frame . setVisible ( true );
browser . navigation (). loadUrl ( URL );
}
private static JWindow showSplashScreen () {
var splash = new JWindow ();
splash . getContentPane (). add ( new JLabel ( "Loading..." , CENTER ));
splash . setBounds ( 500 , 150 , 300 , 200 );
splash . setVisible ( true );
return splash ;
}
}
Obtenha um controle poderoso para navegador Java
Comece agora Empacotar a aplicação As aplicações de ambiente de trabalho escritas em Java precisam transportar todas as bibliotecas necessárias que requerem em runtime. A abordagem habitual é juntar as bibliotecas com uma aplicação num grande JAR Uber. Ela requer um pouco mais de configuração e não é adequado para projetos modulares.
Agora existe uma opção mais simples: juntar um monte de arquivos JAR numa pasta e deixar que o jpackage trate do resto.
Primeiro, vamos configurar a construção do JAR da aplicação principal:
val jarDirectory = file ( " $buildDir /jars" )
tasks {
jar {
manifest {
attributes [ "Main-Class" ] = "com.teamdev.examples.PomodoroTracker"
}
archiveFileName . set ( "main.jar" )
destinationDirectory . set ( jarDirectory )
}
}
Em seguida, vamos criar uma tarefa para reunir os arquivos JAR das dependências:
val jarDirectory = file ( " $buildDir /jars" )
tasks {
…
register < Copy >( "gatherDependencies" ) {
from ( configurations . runtimeClasspath ). into ( jarDirectory )
}
}
Estas duas tarefas são suficientes para lançar a aplicação a partir da linha de comandos:
$ ./gradlew jar gatherDependencies
$ java -cp "build/jars/*" com.teamdev.examples.PomodoroTracker
Agora tudo está pronto para configurar o jpackage.
Esta é uma ferramenta de linha de comando. No entanto, eu prefiro manter tudo nos scripts do Gradle. São mais fáceis de ler e manter do que um monte de arquivos .sh e .bat.
Recomendo o plug-in org.panteleyev.jpackage
. Este plug-in envolve a API de linha de comando do jpackage no Gradle DSL. Eis como aplicá-lo:
plugins {
.. .
id ( "org.panteleyev.jpackageplugin" ) versão "1.3.1"
}
E aqui está como eu o configurei para gerar os instaladores:
val jarDirectory = file ( " $buildDir /jars" )
tasks {
…
jpackage {
// Reúne todos os arquivos JAR antes de os empacotar.
dependsOn ( "jar" , "gatherDependencies" )
appName = "Pomodoro Tracker"
appVersion = " ${project.version} "
// A pasta com JARs.
input = jarDirectory . absolutePath
// O nome do JAR principal e lançável.
mainJar = "main.jar"
// A lista de módulos necessários para incluir em um JRE empacotado.
// O "java.logging" é exigido pelo JxBrowser.
addModules = listOf ( "java.base" , "java.desktop" , "java.logging" )
// O caminho para os módulos JRE.
modulePaths = listOf ( " ${System.getProperty("java.home")} /jmods" )
// A pasta onde colocar os instaladores.
destination = " $buildDir /dist"
linux {
type = org . panteleyev . jpackage . ImageType . DEB
linuxPackageName = "pomodoro"
}
windows {
type = org . panteleyev . jpackage . ImageType . MSI
winDirChooser = true
winMenu = true
}
mac {
type = org . panteleyev . jpackage . ImageType . DMG
}
}
}
Uma vez que tudo esteja configurado, a única coisa que resta a fazer é chamar a tarefa jpackage. Quando a tarefa estiver concluída, encontraremos os instaladores no directório build/dist:
Para o Windows, vai precisar de https://wixtoolset.org/releases/
Instalador em acção VIDEO
Código fonte Pode encontrar o código-fonte da aplicação no repositório do GitHub .
Links úteis
teamdev.com
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